October 3, 2025
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease stands as the prevailing chronic liver disease on a global scale, encompassing a broad spectrum of liver conditions . Among these, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) represents a distinct entity characterized by hepatic steatosis of at least 5%, accompanied by inflammation and ballooned hepatocytes, with or without concurrent hepatic fibrosis. If left untreated, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis can advance to liver cirrhosis and, ultimately, hepatocellular carcinoma. The concept of the multiple-hit hypothesis recognizes that environmental factors, such as diet, lifestyle, and gut microbiota, can intricately interact with genetic and epigenetic factors, collectively contributing to the development of liver injury.